Do any citation styles ask for this distinction? In effect, if they have exactly the same name, then they are the same person according to the bibliography. It would even be confusing to the reader to separate them.

Of course adding a middle initial or other information would be helpful if possible, but otherwise the only thing I can think of doing would be to actually annotate that they are different people (adding a number to the names?), but that seems strange for other reasons. Maybe you could use a full first name for one and an initial for the other (especially if you get lucky with that and find one author tends to use an initial more often for publication than the other)?

Oh, that makes sense. Yes, I would personally add the original names in brackets like [...]. (Not just as a middle name, but indicating as a translation. That usually works well in Zotero.) But I do that normally when I'm transliterating, so I admit that might not fit your goal if you only want a romanized form: in this case, though, it seems like the best option. (The only complication would then be if they each have a paper during the same year, in which case it would be confusing because the years would be disambiguated, depending on your style, but still separate in the bibliography.)