OK, so that's just a random PDF. It's not a journal article or something with a DOI, so that would never show as anything other than just a PDF icon, and it's not something Zotero would be able to retrieve metadata for.
Just save it to Zotero, right-click and choose Create Parent Item, and enter the metadata manually.
That's a time-limited URL, so we can't try that. You'd have to provide the article page URL.
Generally, PDFs from ScienceDirect should work fine, but on ScienceDirect (and any similar site) you would want to save from the article page anyway (which will save the PDF if you have access to it) rather than from the PDF.
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Just save it to Zotero, right-click and choose Create Parent Item, and enter the metadata manually.
this is another example from my school's library website:
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/272471/1-s2.0-S0260691719X00039/1-s2.0-S0260691718303381/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHUaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCICWfk1xaUIW1+hb+xIuQDTucjQ9wMFKequrM5gZQnvRoAiEAntAO64BWh3loKiQsftkOwL/+wPOTRd52lCGmPCDAWQ8q2gMIHhACGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDBx1HC9rM61mEV4usSq3AxNO213UEPo12jooCl//socMbbYI5jNIfefcsefgilyWLEAHqEUStdZLfqNvkOmx6cz7nS+/P+o7GLQG9Y4IYSeb1h4mBfdbp6gddwMVukw6vZ2iN2k/iWgOFDFE2iR+mh3kCNnUgSsyLmczrJBDhySHAuvufqfZ2wcgdZlX4LjqzIi9Zu24CLXIb/M43mSW+eRrJQv/rZ4I/YVKlteA3dob9rr4yCQi1BVHGsGIYMsw9W5CUsC+/pgBVsrTtbwSTNppMzZjmsegvGtl99H74oTe95Q2lvIy75DgY/ukAFGu4m34vFHHKNhwKxnYVAfHBwe+ogeO1VGQnJGsuMwtYM6/XKiajjnrnELWxt9uqYisTJyabDSPUyhaSxjYO5GNPOHcc/r1RtLY2gUcpXVyB7gwKiCBhV96xUrUxzGAfnzp5YL728Q+oy2BpxNyTF2hvOp/8fCH8RE4mz84HM/UijSo+AXurgTmhuAU85t3ch3cQCl9WK/XYRjtl16Ql9GIM9BIjQfbBS8EpscdCpEPci5rvl/PHqzJYxrqF3VyeGgZUmWzX/g/5iMZMzbV3UjZwMvFDk1vao0wqMWG6wU6tAE/g2dEJ4SKcKPoK+venEb/uH5IkoyvCUZCxFNyXOFEmCioQYUUVtoZ4SGlLhyGFBhsJD/ms8udwugdrLTPMjncnPi37S6PhFP8KjsqopDVkQI5bZZZUg1uJ4Ln/VvvSAXoVDNDT4w1iABqEShZQr6NMYsO/8mT3lSQ2YXKl2a55MLhez6uMVuGNa7ZoTyfEs0PLZgBcB4QFG//l73uUZ95zPXwNB510F5wynUdLblQCo21CII=&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20190824T213549Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYS7TLR6V7/20190824/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ec53c7248cddf8a473a0974b51676ab4dc0d4d0428f67e62e652b1a5b5b7ac18&hash=35c5052f559c985456987948cd30248487feb6fd076275e0d9c1fc6f33b12fdd&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0260691718303381&tid=spdf-b432d8df-03cc-4ab4-a021-d686a7de8d22&sid=7c6741b995b1734a423be4c7935a41f9554agxrqa&type=client
Generally, PDFs from ScienceDirect should work fine, but on ScienceDirect (and any similar site) you would want to save from the article page anyway (which will save the PDF if you have access to it) rather than from the PDF.