Can't add any new citations to a large (1000+ footnotes) document

I wrote my dissertation and automated the citations using zotero. I wrote and annotated each chapter separately and zotero worked flawlessly with that; all my citations merged and shortened properly when I pasted these chapters into the one large document.

My problem: I'm in the final stages of revising the dissertation (400+ pages, 1000+ citations) and I occasionally need to add a citation (usually it's the one I used before, so it would appear shortened). Zotero keeps crashing during that stage and I'm unable to add any new citation to the document. It works flawlessly in empty or new documents. Did I reach the limit of processing, or is there a workaround to keep working with longer documents? I can't split the dissertation into separate chapters again, I'd need to work with this large file for the final revisions.
  • edited May 20, 2025
    What operating sytem and word processor? If this is a Mac, you are probably hitting limits of what still works. I'd expect this to be a bit slow but still work on Windows.

    edit: also, what exactly do you mean by crashing? Crashing means closing down completely; it's distinct from freezing, which may just indicate you need to wait longer.
  • Thanks!
    This is Microsoft Word processor for Mac (updated to the newest version), and iOS on MacBook Pro.
    I experienced both crashing (of either Zotero or Microsoft Word or both; experienced by cursor changing to Mac's rainbow loading circle and then not responding at all) and freezing (of just Zotero with Word working normally). I gave freezing around 5 minute time before losing my patience and deleting the citation, should I wait longer?
  • edited May 20, 2025
    Yes, the integration with Word for Mac is slooooooooow and you have a long documents with many citations.
    There is no crash, the program is still running and will eventually complete the task. However, it will probably take hours to fully refresh the document (see for example https://forums.zotero.org/discussion/comment/479045#Comment_479045 or https://forums.zotero.org/discussion/comment/443390#Comment_443390 )
  • ohhh! As in... few hours per one new citation? I'll try it without automatically refreshing citations as they suggested in the comments and devote a few hours at the very end; otherwise it seems it'll be much quicker to do these last citations by hand? I have 1000+ already completed, I just need to add 20-30 new ones and double-check if they shortened correctly.
  • Yes, disabling automatic refreshing of citations until the very end would be the recommended method.
  • I have experienced a similar scenario now and wonder what the limits for Mac Word then are. Why would I even use Zotero then for writing a dissertation? How can there be a proper work flow - could you please describe a better work around, settings set up or so for a dissertation of several hundred pages? Is Zotero not exactly the programme one would rely on for these automated updates - but if it keeps on freezing and unable to insert new citations... - this is a bit frustrating. Should I rather stop and work manually again?
  • The standard recommendation is to split up the document in chapter-length documents and only assemble at/towards the end (when running it for a couple of hours to update all citations isn't really a problem since you're only doing it once).

    Even then, though, turning off automated citations is a good practice for even mid-sized documents so that Zotero doesn't have to check everything in the document every time you add/edit a citation. That doesn't mean you can't have Zotero update citations in the future (by clicking refresh), just that it's not happening automatically on every action.

    That said, if you're absolutely dedicated to writing the entire thing in a single file on Word for Mac, Zotero might not be a good choice at this time. Developers have said they're working on a much faster version, but as that requires changes in Word itself, I'd very much not rely on that happening within a specific timeframe.
  • Thank you Adam! Quick response!
    I have now deleted the bibliography for now and it seems somewhat working with adding a new citation. I will split up the document then, I guess, for the next chapters. Thank you for your feedback!
  • edited 16 days ago
    @Manuel_Boehm: But turning off "Automatically update citations" until you're done writing, as we've said to do in multiple threads you've posted to, would accomplish the same thing as deleting the bibliography, and would be faster, since it would avoid other updates too. You should do that even if you've removed the bibliography.

    (Please don't post on the same issue to multiple threads. It just makes it harder for us to help you.)
  • edited 16 days ago
    Thank you dstillman for your hint. I will keep it here then. I just separated my whole file into chapters now and hope that this approach will at least be a work around.
    Also, will now do the bibliography in a separate document manually - I will not have the time at the end to rely on Zotero alone if all sources will be compiled properly. Seems really - sorry to put it this way - useless then.

    Not sure about the compiling of the final thesis eventually and if by then Word has answered your requests, or you have found a better work around for us.

    Maybe you could integrate a warning for users? Like: Don't create a bibliography while working on large documents, consider compiling at the end... etc.
    It becomes very frustrating when one relies on software to just find out ... the manual way would have been as sufficient or even more reliable.

    Maybe a guideline for PhD students would be great or those attempting to write a larger file. The non-tech people will just get stuck and have hard times to find answers. If they even come up with the thought to participate in these forums here and read and find what they were seeking.
  • edited 16 days ago
    I and many others understand the level of frustration and stress that writing one's PhD thesis can cause. We've been there, and I'm sure we all wish you a complete success with it.
    But... a hard time finding answers? The answer to this question and the relevant work-arounds have been given dozens of time in this forum (including in this thread, obviously). Asking and receiving an answer feels straightforward to me, or am I missing something here?
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