[MLZ] Is it possible to access the multilingual fields through CSL directly ?

Many Chinese journals require that the bibliography must be given in both Chinese and English when citing a Chinese article. However, the bibliography styles of different journals can be very different from each other.

For example, with Journal 1, a Chinese bibliography should be given like this:
[1] 刘永强 (Liu Yongqiang),杨绍普 (Yang Shaopu),廖英英 (Liao Yingying),等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识 (Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm). 振动与冲击 (Journal of Vibration and Shock),2011,30(7):261-265.

With Journal 2, the bibliography should be given like this:
[1] 刘永强,杨绍普,廖英英,等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识. 振动与冲击,2011,30(7):261-265.
LIU Yongqiang,YANG Shaopu,LIAO Yingying,et al. Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(7):261-265.

I was able to use multilingual zotero to generate bibliographies which compliance with the requirement of Journal 1; however, I cannot get bibliographies that compliance with the requirement of Journal 2.

I am wondering, since multilingual zotero already has multilingual fields, is it possible to access the multilingual fields through CSL directly. It would be nice if one can specify the locale he wants to use in the CSL like this:

<layout locale="zh">
<text variable="author" locale="zh" suffix="."/>
<text variable="title" locale="zh" suffix="."/>

<text variable="author" locale="en" suffix="."/>
<text variable="title" locale="en" suffix="."/>
</layout>


With such a capability, multilingual bibliographies with more complicated styles can be generated at ease.
  • That's an interesting one. If this style of bibliography output is common, I think the way to handle it will be to provide a runtime option for "integrated bib entries" and "separate bib entries", with the latter rendering entries in two passes, first with primary field content only, then (if appropriate) with secondary field content promoted to first position. That way, it won't be necessary to completely rewrite styles solely for the purpose of producing entries in the second form.

    It may take awhile to get this in place, but I'll put it on the ToDo list.
  • Thank you a lot, fbennett. I believe this is a function worth waiting for. By the way, will it be possible for a "separate bib entry" to be able to use different styles to render the two "subentries"? For example, I have two styles for a Chinese reference, Style 1 for the Chinese "subentry" and Style 2 for the English "subentry". Meanwhile, I use just Style 1 or Style 2 for my English references.
  • Can you provide a set of examples that illustrate the exact requirements? I'm not sure what you mean by using Style 1 or Style 2 for the English references.
  • For example, I have a Chinese reference called Reference 1. The metadata of Reference 1 is:
    Author 1 (zh): 刘永强
    Author 1 (en): Yongqiang Liu
    Author 2 (zh): 杨绍普
    Author 2 (en): Shaopu Yang
    Author 3 (zh): 廖英英
    Author 3 (en): Yingying Liao
    Author 4 (zh): 张耕宁
    Author 4 (en): Gengning Zhang
    Title (zh): 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识
    Title (en): Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm
    Publication (zh): 振动与冲击
    Publication (en): Journal of Vibration and Shock
    Volume: 30
    Issue: 7
    Pages: 261-265
    Date: 2011

    Suppose Journal 1 requires a Chinese bibliography entry to be composed of two subentries. The first entry is in Chinese and is in compliance with Style 1 which is called a GB/T 7714-2005 style. The subentry would look like:

    刘永强, 杨绍普, 廖英英, 等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011,30(7):261-265.

    The second subentry is in English with Style 2 which is the Sage Harvard style and the subentry would look like:

    Liu Y, Yang S and Liao Y, et al. (2011) Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Shock 30: 261-265.

    Combining the two subentries we get the complete bibliography entry of Reference 1 and it looks like this:

    [1] 刘永强, 杨绍普, 廖英英, 等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011,30(7):261-265.
    Liu Y, Yang S and Liao Y, et al. (2011) Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Shock 30: 261-265.

    In the meantime, I also have an English reference. Let's refer to it as Reference 2. Reference 2 has the following metadata:
    Author 1: A G Chassiakos
    Author 2: S F Masri
    Author 3: A W Smyth
    Author 4: T K Caughey
    Title: On-line identification of hysteretic systems
    Publication: Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME
    Volume: 65
    Issue: 1
    Pages: 194-203
    Date: 1998

    Now Journal 1 requires that a native English reference must be cited using the Sage Harvard style; therefore, we have the entry for Reference 2:

    [2] Chassiakos AG, Masri SF and Smyth AW, et al. (1998) On-Line Identification of Hysteretic Systems. Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME 65: 194-203.

    Now, let there be another journal called Journal 2. Journal 2 has the same style requirement for Chinese references as Journal 1, i.e. GB/T 7714-2005 for the Chinese subentry and Sage Harvard for the English subentry. However, Journal 2 requires that a native English journal must be cited using the GB/T 7714-2005 style as well. In this case, the second entry would become:

    [2] Chassiakos A G, Masri S F, Smyth A W, et al. On-line identification of hysteretic systems[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME, 1998, 65(1):194-203.

    To sum up, with Journal 1, the bibliography list should look like:

    [1] 刘永强, 杨绍普, 廖英英, 等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011,30(7):261-265.
    Liu Y, Yang S and Liao Y, et al. (2011) Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Shock 30: 261-265.
    [2] Chassiakos AG, Masri SF and Smyth AW, et al. (1998) On-Line Identification of Hysteretic Systems. Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME 65: 194-203.

    For Journal 2, the bibliography list should look like:

    [1] 刘永强, 杨绍普, 廖英英, 等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011,30(7):261-265.
    Liu Y, Yang S and Liao Y, et al. (2011) Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Shock 30: 261-265.

    [2] Chassiakos A G, Masri S F, Smyth A W, et al. On-line identification of hysteretic systems[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME, 1998, 65(1):194-203.

    I hope the example above is clear enough for you.
    Such style requirement can be found in some Chinese journals. It would be very a wonderful improvement for Chinese users if multilingual zotero can generate such bibliography entries. Thank you in advance.
  • On second thought, I believe that the prefixes and suffixes of the "integrated bib entries" should also be made customizable. In the current release of multilingual zotero, there are only 4 sets of predefined prefixes and suffixes. Namely, the space " ", the comma ", ", the round brackets " ()" and the square brackets " []". However, many Chinese journals ask authors to use a pair of Chinese round brackets "()" or angle brackets "<>" as prefixes and suffixes. Moreover, some journals require that a space " " must be inserted before "(" or "[" while other journals don't.

    For example:
    1. No space is allowed before "("
    [1] 刘永强(Liu Yongqiang),杨绍普(Yang Shaopu),廖英英(Liao Yingying)等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识(Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm). 振动与冲击(Journal of Vibration and Shock),2011,30(7):261-265.

    2. Must use Chinese brackets "()" instead of "()"
    [1] 刘永强(Liu Yongqiang),杨绍普(Yang Shaopu),廖英英(Liao Yingying)等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识(Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm). 振动与冲击(Journal of Vibration and Shock),2011,30(7):261-265.

    3. Must use Chinese brackets "()" instead of "()" and a space must be inserted before "("
    [1] 刘永强 (Liu Yongqiang),杨绍普 (Yang Shaopu),廖英英 (Liao Yingying)等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识 (Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm). 振动与冲击 (Journal of Vibration and Shock),2011,30(7):261-265.

    4. Must use Chinese comma "," instead of "," for author names and Chinese round brackets for titles and publication
    [1] 刘永强,Liu Yongqiang,杨绍普,Yang Shaopu,廖英英,Liao Yingying等. 基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型参数辨识(Parameter identification of Bouc-wen model for MR damper based on genetic algorithm). 振动与冲击(Journal of Vibration and Shock),2011,30(7):261-265.


    Anyway, the prefix and suffix requirements varies from journal to journal. It can be very flexible; therefore, making it customizable should be a good idea.
  • We can either expand the list of affixes, or make the elements configurable. In the short term, expanding the list a bit is probably enough. We want to keep things as simple as possible for a user's first run with the software.

    Thanks for the detailed account of bibliography requirements: that is extremely helpful. The last set of examples for Journal 2 will be a particularly hard case. I kind of get the editorial intention—in that format, Harvard-Sage entries are translations, and the GB/T 7714-2005 entries are "real" references in the original language of the resource, whatever that may be—but CSL-m currently just ties the layout to a language. This will require an intermediate set of parameters to specify which item languages should be rendered by which layouts, and with which multilingual settings. Doable, but the settings should probably be set in the CSL-m code of the style itself, to simplify things for the end user.
  • A question: what do these styles do with references to non-English, non-Chinese resources? That is, how would a reference to a Korean, Japanese or Arabic resource be presented?
  • I have no experience with non-English, non-Chinese resources before. I think a non-English, non-Chinese reference should probably be treated in the same way as a Chinese reference, i.e. the bibliography should be given in the form of an "integrated bib entry" or a "separate bib entry".
  • So would it be correct to assume that the policy behind these particular styles is to make the references more accessible to an English-speaking audience?
  • Yes, it is correct. Moreover, many Chinese journals are indexed by some international indexes like Ei Compendex. These indexes usually need the journal to provide an English version of the reference list for each article in the journal. I think the reason why some journals use "separate bib entries" is that the editorial work can be reduced in this way.
  • Great, thanks again. Now that I have a handle on the parameters, I'll try to figure out how to make it happen. :-)
  • I should be the one thanking you Prof. Benent. Hope it won't be too much trouble for you.
  • edited July 19, 2014
    One more question.

    In the "Journal 2" example given in this post, when the GB/T 7714-2005 style is used to cite an English resource, are the terms ("editor", "translator" etc) localized to English, or to Chinese?

    This seems to be the most important remaining detail, before I start thinking about how to implement this pattern.

    I actually rather like this form of multilingual bibliography, as it is very clean and clear. The shifting citation formats are unfortunate, but if that's what publishers require, it can be done in code.
  • edited July 19, 2014
    The terms should be localized to English.
  • Okay. So in effect we need to define three separate style modes for "Journal 2" support: (1) GT with native (e.g. Chinese) terms; (2) GT with English terms; and (3) Harvard with English terms. Would that be correct?
  • edited July 19, 2014
    I think it is correct.

    But I can only be sure that the terms should be localized to English for the GB/T 7714-2005 style as well as many other commonly used Chinese styles. However, with other styles that I have had no experience with, I cannot be so sure. Maybe some weird styles will localize the terms in Chinese. (although I have never encountered such weird styles myself before).
  • If we design the kit to support three styles for two languages, we'll have the extensibility we need to cover pretty much anything.
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